Looking to step up your project management game? Understanding how (and when) to apply different project methodologies can help you keep projects on track and on budget. However, with so many project management methods to choose from, knowing the proper context for each can be a challenge.
No matter where you are in your project management career, the following overview of popular project management strategies could help you diversify your skill set and tackle even the most complex of projects with greater confidence.
What is a Project Management Methodology?
A project management methodology is a framework that project managers use to oversee and guide teams from the beginning to the end of a project. Applying the correct project management methodology can help projects stay on track and on budget while ensuring that the final deliverables meet quality standards.
Additionally, project management methodologies can help with risk management while ensuring that workflows follow a standardized approach and that team members are on the same page at all times.
It is also worth noting that different projects may require different methodologies based on their overarching goals, outcomes, deliverables, and other factors. With this in mind, project managers are tasked with choosing and applying the approach that’s best for any given project.
12 Popular Project Management Methodologies
While the following is by no means a comprehensive list of every project management methodology used, it does cover some of the most popular options across a wide range of industries. When project managers have a solid understanding of these methodologies and their potential applications, they can be empowered to make informed decisions in their own work.
Agile
The Agile framework is a flexible and iterative project management methodology that is specifically designed with adaptability and collaboration in mind. It is most frequently used in software development, although it can be applied in nearly any project with a large scope.
One of the core benefits of Agile is that it breaks larger projects up into smaller components , enabling teams to deliver on tasks incrementally while allowing for ongoing feedback, collaboration across teams, and flexibility as circumstances change.
Waterfall
The Waterfall methodology, on the other hand, is a more linear and sequential approach to project management that tends to be ideal for projects with well-defined stages and relatively fixed requirements. Using this methodology, projects work in phases, and each phase relies on the successful completion of the stage before it.
Waterfall is a common method used in construction and manufacturing, but it can be useful in any industry where projects have clearly defined and fixed goals. Project managers enjoy using Waterfall because it keeps projects moving smoothly while remaining somewhat flexible if changes do arise. Despite a longstanding debate between Waterfall and Agile methodologies, however, some experts argue that this is counterproductive — instead advocating for a hybrid approach that leverages the structured planning of Waterfall and the flexibility of Agile to enhance project outcomes.
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Another popular project management methodology is known as Critical Path Method, or CPM. Using this method, project management can focus on identifying and scheduling critical tasks that most impact a project’s completion. From there, it is possible to calculate the critical path (or the longest sequence of tasks that need to be finished on time) to complete the project.
CPM is a popular choice in projects with complex task dependencies (including projects in the construction and manufacturing industries), especially because it allows project managers to identify and mitigate risks while allocating resources as effectively as possible.
Kanban Methodology
The Kanban methodology sets itself apart from many other methods because it is a visual workflow management system that emphasizes continuous delivery and task prioritization. Specifically, the Japanese term “Kanban” translates to “signboard” and utilizes a series of cards marked as “to do,” “in progress,” and “done” to move through a project from start to finish.
Numerous industries rely on the Kanban method for its effectiveness in optimizing workflows and reducing bottlenecks. It is particularly common in software development but can be applied to projects in just about any industry.
Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM)
Meanwhile, Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) is a methodology that centers on resource optimization and task prioritization. This project management approach is designed to help teams complete projects as efficiently as possible while using resources effectively, even when those resources are scarce.
At the same time, CCPM remains a popular project management method due to its flexibility and schedule network analysis, which allows project managers to pinpoint the precise resources and timelines needed to complete projects successfully.
Lean Methodology
Like CCPM, Lean methodology is focused on minimizing waste and optimizing the use of resources whenever possible. However, Lean project management also sets itself apart by using strategies to maximize value at the same time. Using the Lean methodology, values are clearly established and mapped while teams strive for continuous improvement through each step of the project. Thanks to its emphasis on efficiency, Lean methodology is often used in the manufacturing industry.
Extreme Programming (XP)
Although Agile is one of the most commonly used project management methods in software development, Extreme Programming has also grown in popularity over the years. This method (commonly referred to as XP) focuses on frequent releases with plenty of customer feedback along the way. Ultimately, the goal of using XP is to ensure technical excellence while maintaining some flexibility throughout the process.
Compared to the Agile methodology, XP has a slightly more technical focus with a greater level of stakeholder involvement. However, it shares a similar focus on flexibility and quality control.
Scrum Methodology
Among the most popular project management strategies used in dynamic project environments is known as Scrum. Using this popular adaptation of the Agile framework, the Scrum approach involved working in smaller sprints while relying on roles like Scrum Master and Product Owner to keep things moving smoothly.
Using the Scrum methodology, project managers can often improve efficiency and productivity while ensuring that the work being done is properly aligned with the project’s overall goals and outcomes.
Six Sigma
The Six Sigma approach to project management, on the other hand, focuses more on avoiding defects and improving overall quality through the use of data-driven decision-making. This approach has been successful across industries, including manufacturing and healthcare. Six Sigma is used in situations where project managers need to optimize profits and quality while keeping employee morale and productivity high.
PRINCE2
The Project IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE2) approach to project management is a process-driven methodology that divides projects into many smaller and more manageable stages. Similar to Agile, PRINCE2 sets itself apart from other methodologies in the sense that it follows seven key processes that range from starting and directing a project to controlling each stage and, finally, closing the project.
While less common in the United States, PRINCE2 is used widely across Europe and is highly focused on maintaining a sense of governance and control.
Adaptive Project Framework (APF) Methodology
For projects that are highly dynamic, the APF approach to project management is a highly flexible method designed to adapt to changing project needs. With a focus on iterative project cycles and a high level of collaboration with stakeholders, the APF approach embraces change while empowering teams to make adjustments to their work as needed. Likewise, because projects can be broken down into smaller parts, teams can work incrementally while project managers and stakeholders provide feedback for improvement throughout each stage.
Most often, APF is used in projects where there may be various changing requirements or in situations where stakeholder feedback may call for additional changes.
PMI’s PMBOK
Last but not least, the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) by the Project Management Institute (PMI) is a book that provides best practices for project management across a vast range of contexts and industries. This comprehensive guide to project management can be utilized as a framework rather than a strict methodology — but it can be particularly useful for project managers looking to complete projects on time while optimizing communication among teams.
More specifically, PMBOK covers essential project management topics, including:
- Project integration management
- Project cost management
- Project scope management
How to Choose the Right Methodology for Your Project
Not all project management methodologies are suited for all projects, which is why leaders and decision-makers should be well-versed in different methodologies and when to use them.
There are several factors to take into consideration when it comes to choosing the appropriate methodology for any given project:
- Size – Larger projects may benefit from methodologies that break things up into smaller tasks. Because Scrum does this, it is a common choice for larger projects that still need some flexibility.
- Complexity – More complex projects with many moving parts may benefit from an Agile, Scrum, or similar method.
- Industry – Projects in some industries may require a more rigid management approach than others.
- Team expertise – A team with more experience may require less guidance than a newer and less experienced team.
- Stakeholder requirements – The end user can impact the appropriate methodology, too, as more involved stakeholders will need a methodology that ensures clear communication and regular input.
Over time, project managers can learn to carefully assess their own project’s goals, scope, and stakeholder needs before assessing the potential pros and cons of each project management methodology. From there, project managers can consult with team members and choose the methodology that’s best suited to their needs.
In certain cases, project managers may also wish to run pilot tests of new methodologies on smaller-scale projects before using them at a larger scale. This can be an optimal way to identify potential challenges and strategies for overcoming them in real-world applications.
Some project managers even choose to pursue PMBOK certification through the Project Management Institute, which can help them build foundational skills and knowledge to advance their careers.
Ready to Learn More About Project Management?
With so many project management methodologies to choose from, the appropriate strategy for your next project will ultimately depend on a variety of factors that range from the size and scope of the project to the teams involved. Regardless, with a more robust understanding of these popular project management methodologies, you can determine which is best for your project’s unique needs and parameters.
Want to take your project management capabilities to the next level? Consider pursuing an advanced degree from Johnson & Wales University. We’re proud to offer an online Master of Science in Operations and Project Management to suit your needs. This program, which can be completed in just two years, covers key topics such as qualitative/quantitative techniques, team dynamics, portfolio management, and more.
For more information about completing your degree online, complete the Request Info form, call 855-JWU-1881, or email [email protected]. You can also take the next step by completing your online application for admission today.